Serrah and Rezua
Status: Canon-aligned instructional primer
Language: Hadokai Tubatonona / HT
Scope: Introductory sentence parsing, object-first structure, subject resolution, modification, time markers, participatory association, and guided learner examples
re=zu==a==ce= serrah
Hadokai Tubatonona is written in the hadohaij. The romanized forms below are representations for accessibility and instruction — the script itself is the language’s primary written form.
These foundational examples sit outside the main sentence-parsing exercise. They introduce the basic patterns a reader needs before approaching the larger target sentence: object-first structure, implied and explicit subjects, adverbial modification, participatory association, conjunction, and reflexive participation.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
boldar de= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
boldar de= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/boldar de linina aʒ/
Explanation
We begin with the most basic explicit pattern: object first, subject second, verb last. Boldar is the object, de is the second-person subject, and lini is the verb. The singular marker na shows that one participant is doing the seeing.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
=onred na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
=onred na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/onred nava linina aʒ/
Explanation
The subject is contextually resolved rather than overtly stated. Onred is the object of seeing, nava supplies the action being observed, and lini carries the main verbal frame. In English, this is naturally rendered as “See Onred run.”
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
=onred na=va=pi li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
=onred na=va=pi li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/onred navapi linina aʒ/
Explanation
The suffix pi modifies nava, giving the manner of the running. Nothing else in the sentence changes. This introduces adverbial modification as an additive suffix on the action it describes.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
=onred na=va= ra=ze=re=ce= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
=onred na=va= ra=ze=re=ce= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/onred nava razereʧe linina aʒ/
Explanation
Here the modifier is detached rather than suffixed. razerece gives the extent or distance of the running. The sentence shows that modification can be expressed by a separate word when the idea is not carried as a direct suffix.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
=onred na=va=pi ra=ze=re=ce= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
=onred na=va=pi ra=ze=re=ce= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/onred navapi razereʧe linina aʒ/
Explanation
Both kinds of modification appear together. pi attaches directly to the running action, while razerece remains a separate modifier. The sentence shows that suffixed and detached adverbial material can coexist in the same verbal frame.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
boldar=e= =onred na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
boldar=e= =onred na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/boldarɛ onred nava linina aʒ/
Explanation
The e suffix marks Boldar as associated with Onred. Onred is closer to the verb and remains the primary participant in the running frame. In English, the sentence is rendered primary-first: Onred with Boldar.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
boldarce= =onred lu=di=zo= =aw
Typed romanization
boldarce= =onred lu=di=zo= =aw
IPA transcription
/boldarʧe onred ludizo aʒ/
Explanation
The conjunction ce joins Boldar and Onred into a coordinated participant set. The marker zo identifies the action as plural reflexive: the participants are engaged together within the same collective action.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
de= tu= lu=di=zo= =aw
Typed romanization
de= tu= lu=di=zo= =aw
IPA transcription
/de tu ludizo aʒ/
Explanation
The two pronouns form the participant set. The verb carries zo, marking the action as plural reflexive or collective: the participants act together within the same shared event.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
tu= lu=di=zo= =aw
Typed romanization
tu= lu=di=zo= =aw
IPA transcription
/tu ludizo aʒ/
Explanation
The pronoun tu resolves as plural through the reflexive participation marker zo. The sentence does not need a separate named participant because the group is contained in the subject and confirmed by the verb.
Foundational Example—Orientation before the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
tu= lu=di=zi= =aw
Typed romanization
tu= lu=di=zi= =aw
IPA transcription
/tu ludizi aʒ/
Explanation
The marker zi identifies the object with the singular subject. The action turns back onto the agent alone, producing the singular reflexive meaning “by myself.”
The reader should, by the end of the series, be able to parse the rock-juggling sentence unaided. Every step between now and there should be a beat that removes one more piece of mystery from that target.
jo= =alca=ku= ma=gi=ro=ca=ku= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to=ga=ro=ca==e= tu=na= lo=lu=pi=fo=za=vu=to=ga=ro=ca=no= =aw
“The old gray man with the old gray woman juggles quickly the not blue not yellow rock.”
Hadokai Script
jo= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/jo rɛzua loluna aʒ/
Explanation
The first noun in the sentence is the object by default. With an explicit object noun (jo, rock) in the front position, Rezua occupies the subject slot. HT’s strict OSV order is now visible on a fully populated frame: object first, subject second, verb last.
Hadokai Script
jo==alca= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo==alca= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/joalʧa rɛzua loluna aʒ/
Explanation
The descriptor alca (water-color, blue) attaches directly to the object root jo. Descriptors stack as suffixes on the noun, additive and non-mutating. Nothing else has changed — the suffix is the only new element.
Hadokai Script
jo==alca=za=vu=to= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo==alca=za=vu=to= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/joalʧazavuto rɛzua loluna aʒ/
Explanation
A second descriptor stacks onto the object: jo + alca + zavuto. Descriptors attach rightward from the root. Earlier descriptors sit closer to the root; later descriptors extend the description outward. English may reorder those descriptors in translation. Color attaches first as the more inherent property; duration attaches second.
Hadokai Script
jo==alca=ku= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo==alca=ku= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/joalʧaku rɛzua loluna aʒ/
Explanation
The negation suffix ku attaches to the descriptor it negates. joalcaku reads as “the rock, blue, not” — the rock that is not blue. This introduces definition by negation: specifying an object by what it is not.
Hadokai Script
jo= =alca=ku= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo= =alca=ku= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/jo alʧaku rɛzua loluna aʒ/
Explanation
Same meaning as the previous beat, but the descriptor is now a separate word — a complex compound adjective (CCA) — rather than a suffix on jo. Both forms are canonical. The detached form becomes useful when multiple descriptors describe the same object in parallel, as the target sentence will demonstrate.
Out of Scope Example—Not needed for the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
jo==alca=ce= jo=ma=gi=ro=ca= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo==alca=ce= jo=ma=gi=ro=ca= re=zu==a= lo=lu=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/joalʧaʧe jomagiroʧa rɛzua loluna aʒ/
Explanation
A side note, off the line of the target sentence. Two distinct objects appear in the object phrase, joined by ce. The conjunction attaches to the secondary (leftmost, verb-furthest) object and binds forward to the primary, which sits closest to the subject. The target sentence does not use this multi-object pattern — it uses one rock with two detached descriptors — but the multi-object construction itself is canonical and worth recognizing.
Hadokai Script
re=zu==a= tu= na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
re=zu==a= tu= na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/rɛzua tu nava linina aʒ/
Explanation
The implied second person of earlier sentences is replaced by an explicit first-person subject, tu. Rezua is the object; tu is the subject. The verb’s na singular marker is unchanged. Subjects can be made overt by placing the appropriate person indicator in the subject slot.
Hadokai Script
re=zu==a= tu= zu=ba= na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
re=zu==a= tu= zu=ba= na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/rɛzua tu zuba nava linina aʒ/
Explanation
Tense is not inflected on the verb. The time marker zuba (past) sits in its own slot between the subject and the verb. The verb itself is unchanged from the previous beat — only the time marker is added.
Hadokai Script
re=zu==a= tu= zu=fo= na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
re=zu==a= tu= zu=fo= na=va= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/rɛzua tu zufo nava linina aʒ/
Explanation
Future tense uses zufo, structurally parallel to past zuba. The morphology of the root noun zu is transparent: zu (time) plus ba (past) or fo (future). Past and future are handled symmetrically by independent markers in the same slot.
Hadokai Script
jo= re=zu==a= li=ni=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo= re=zu==a= li=ni=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/jo rɛzua linina aʒ/
Explanation
A bridge sentence on familiar players. The rock is the object, Rezua is the subject, and the verb is now lini (see) rather than lolu. No descriptors anywhere. This frame prepares the structural shift that follows: the bare primary subject and the displacement of subject descriptors onto the verb.
Hadokai Script
tu=na=fi=za=vu=to= tu=na= li=ni=fo=za=vu=to=na= =aw
Typed romanization
tu=na=fi=za=vu=to= tu=na= li=ni=fo=za=vu=to=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/tunafizavuto tuna linifozavutona aʒ/
Explanation
The structural payoff. The same root tuna appears twice — once with descriptors (the woman, in object position) and once bare (the man, in subject position). Primary subjects carry no descriptors; the man’s descriptors fi-displaced-to-fo and zavuto move onto the verb. To know who the subject is, the reader reads the verb. This is one of the central conceptual shifts in HT.
Hadokai Script
jo= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to==e= tu=na= li=ni=fo=za=vu=to=no= =aw
Typed romanization
jo= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to==e= tu=na= li=ni=fo=za=vu=to=no= =aw
IPA transcription
/jo tunafizavutoɛ tuna linifozavutono aʒ/
Explanation
Both participants are present. The bare primary subject tuna refers to the man; his descriptors live on the verb. The secondary participant carries the e suffix, marking association with the primary. The plural marker no on the verb confirms that the association is participatory — both the man and the woman see the rock together, with shared agency. The English verb remains “sees” because the grammatical head is still “the old man,” even though HT marks shared participation on the verb.
Out of Scope Example—Not needed for the sentence parsing exercise
Hadokai Script
jo==alca==e= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to= tu=na= li=ni=fo=za=vu=to=na= =aw
Typed romanization
jo==alca==e= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to= tu=na= li=ni=fo=za=vu=to=na= =aw
IPA transcription
/joalʧaɛ tunafizavuto tuna linifozavutona aʒ/
Explanation
A side note, off the line of the target sentence. The same e suffix appears here, but the verb carries singular na rather than plural no. With singular participation, e marks accompaniment rather than shared agency: only the man sees, and the blue rock is associated with the woman (in her possession or proximity), not co-acting with anyone. The verb form determines which sense of e is operative.
Hadokai Script
jo= =alca=ku= ma=gi=ro=ca=ku= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to=ga=ro=ca==e= tu=na= lo=lu=pi=fo=za=vu=to=ga=ro=ca=no= =aw
Typed romanization
jo= =alca=ku= ma=gi=ro=ca=ku= tu=na=fi=za=vu=to=ga=ro=ca==e= tu=na= lo=lu=pi=fo=za=vu=to=ga=ro=ca=no= =aw
IPA transcription
/jo alʧaku magiroʧaku tunafizavutogaroʧaɛ tuna lolupifozavutogaroʧano aʒ/
Explanation
The target. Every major structure has been introduced. The object is jo with two detached negation descriptors (alcaku, magirocaku) — definition by negation, parallel CCAs on a single object. The secondary participant is the woman, fully described and carrying the e suffix. The bare primary subject is the man, with his descriptors (fo, zavuto, garoca) displaced onto the verb. The plural marker no confirms participatory shared agency. The adverb suffix pi on the verb gives the manner. Only garoca (gray) and pi (quickly) were not directly demonstrated in earlier beats; both are absorbed on encounter from familiar morphology. The reader should be able to parse this unaided.
Ongoing additions:
ha=do=ka==i= tu=ba=to=no=na=
“hadokai tubatonona”